Probiotic soy milk and anthropometric measures: Is probiotic soy milk beyond soy milk?

Introduction During last years, probiotic products have attracted great interest in treating various health complications, including chronic kidney diseases, metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, and hyperglycemia as well as obesity.1-5 It has been suggested that because of the significant contribution of gut microbiota to energy metabolism, consuming probiotic products may be useful in weight control.6 Consistently, the beneficiary impacts of functional foods like soy products have been reported in previous investigations.7-10 It is possible that combining probiotics with functional foods intensify the helpful outcomes of each component. In this supplement issue of the ARYA Atherosclerosis journal, Hariri et al. have shown that consuming probiotic soy milk leads to similar reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio, compared with soy milk, in type II diabetic patients.11 However, the reductive effects of probiotic soy milk on systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly greater than soy milk. The non-significant difference in anthropometric measures between intervention and control groups might be attributable to the polyphenols content of soy products.12 Indeed it is possible that favorable effects of these components to be stronger than the effects of probiotics on the growth of gut microbiota, and in a short time intervention, as 8 weeks, could better impose their effects. In the support of this hypothesis, another clinical trial indicated that soy milk consumption for 4 weeks could reduce waist circumference greater than cow’s milk.8 However, it needs to be examined in future studies that if polyphenols are more effective than probiotics in anthropometric changes or not. In addition, their effects on blood pressure might be different and probiotics to be stronger than polyphenols. These question needs to be answered in longer and larger studies. In the current study, adherence to dietary intervention was assessed by using 1-day recall,11 whilst monitoring returned soy milk bottles might be more precise method. Baseline soy consumption and BMI of participants must be taken into account, since these variables might have prominent role in the effects of polyphenols and probiotic soy milk. Despite these limitations, this study has some strength, which are worth nothing. This study was conducted in freeliving type II diabetic patients and indicates that this intervention could clinically be practical. Moreover, both sexes were included in this study, and their findings could be generalized to both sexes.